Cov tshuab hluav taws xob uas tso rau hauv lub cev?

Hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, hluav taws xob muab tso rau tib neeg lub cev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cov cim biological. Lawv qhov chaw tsis yog random tab sis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom teeb liab uas tau kuaj pom, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj mob, thiab cov cai ntawm kev kho mob. Kev tso teeb meem Electrode tuaj yeem xyuas kom raug qhov tseeb thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm teeb liab sau, muab kev txhim khu kev qha rau kev kuaj mob. Cia siv cov kev kuaj mob ntau zaus ua piv txwv kom nkag siab qhov twg ntim cov hluav taws xob muab tso rau hauv lub cev.
Cov hluav taws xob rau electrocardiogram (ECG)
Cov ECG pom cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub plawv, thiab kev tso ua raws li cov qauv ua raws lub plawv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv.
Muaj ob hom hluav taws xob hluav taws xob: cov ceg ntoo hluav taws xob thiab cov hluav taws xob hauv siab. Limb cov hluav taws xob feem ntau yog muab tso rau ntawm nqua. Tshwj xeeb, sab caj npab (ra) electrode tso rau sab hauv ntawm sab xis sab caj npab, txog} cm sab saud; sab caj npab sab laug (la) electrode tau muab symmetrically rau sab hauv ntawm sab laug sab caj npab; Sab xis ceg (RL) thiab sab laug ceg (LL) Electrodes tau muab tso rau sab hauv sab xis thiab sab laug ceg pob qij txha. Cov ceg ntoo hluav taws xob no tsim cov qauv coj ua, uas tuaj yeem sau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov ceg sib txawv.
Cov hluav taws xob hauv siab yog qhov tseem ceeb dua rau kev soj ntsuam cov hluav taws xob kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv ntawm phab ntsa Anterior Wall. Muaj feem ntau 6 lub hauv siab electrodes, cim ua v1 rau v6. V1 tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw sib tw plaub ntawm cov ciam av sternal sab xis; V2 yog nyob rau ntawm plaub qhov chaw sib txuas lus ntawm cov ciam av sab laug; V3 yog nruab nrab ntawm v2 thiab v4; V4 yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tsib Intercostal ntawm Midclavular. V5 yog nyob rau tib kab rov tav raws li v4, ntawm lub anterior axustary kab; V6 yog nyob ntawm tib qib kab rov tav raws li v4 thiab v5, ntawm Midaxvary kab. Qhov kev tso chaw no tso cai rau cov kws kho mob kom pom cov khoom hluav taws xob kom pom tseeb ntawm cov chaw sib txawv ntawm lub plawv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob myocardial infarction thiab arrhythmia.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thaum tso cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tawv nqaij ntawm daim tawv abished kom txo cov tawv nqaij thiab cov tawv nqaij uas muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab ua kom muaj teeb liab conduction zoo.
Cov hluav taws xob rau Electroencephalogram (Eeg)
Eeg txheeb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub hlwb, thiab kev tso chaw ntawm nws cov elecodes yog raws li kev sib tw hauv ntiaj teb, uas yog cov qauv txheem electrode kev tso kawm. Cov qauv no siv feem pua ​​ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov teeb meem anatomical ntawm lub hauv paus rau elalp so, ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv EEG.
Tus yuam sij anatomical thaj av rau Eeg Electrode chaw (qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub pob tw), lub inion (cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm sab nraub qaum (pem hauv ntej ntawm lub pob ntseg pob ntseg). Cov hluav taws xob tau npaj raws cov kab sib txuas cov lus no. Piv txwv li, FP1 thiab FP2 Electrodes yog nyob rau saum toj sab laug thiab txoj cai pob muag, sib haum mus rau qhov tsis ua ntej Lobe; F3 thiab F4 Electrodes nyob sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm cov cheeb tsam frontal; C3 thiab C4 Electrodes nyob sab laug thiab sab xis hauv nruab nrab (sib raug rau lub cev muaj zog Cortex); P3 thiab P4 Electrodes nyob sab sab laug thiab sab xis; O1 thiab O2 electrodes nyob sab laug thiab txoj cai occeptital (sib raug rau pom kev Cortex); Lub T3 thiab T4 hluav taws xob hauv sab laug sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm thaj chaw ib cheeb tsam.
Tus naj npawb ntawm EEG cov hluav taws xob sib txawv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev kuaj. Cov Eeg feem ntau siv {{{{16 - 20 cov hluav taws xob, thaum ntau cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem siv 32 lossis 64 electrodes. Lub sijhawm kev tso kawm, muab tshuaj txhuam uas ua tau zoo nyob ntawm electrode thiab taub hau kom ntseeg tau zoo hluav taws xob. Tus neeg mob cov plaub hau yuav tsum tau sib cais ntawm cov chaw kawm electrode ntawm qhov chaw kom tsis txhob muaj plaub hau cuam tshuam rau lub teeb liab.
Cov hluav taws xob rau Electromyography (emg)
EMG pom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov leeg, thiab qhov kev tso kawm ntawm nws cov hluav taws xob nyob ntawm cov leeg kom tau tshuaj xyuas. Muaj ob hom emg hluav taws xob: cov hluav taws xob nto thiab koob cov hluav taws xob.
Cov hluav taws xob saum npoo tsis -}}}}} moov thiab feem ntau muab tso rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij saum toj no cov leeg nqaij. Piv txwv li, thaum tshuaj xyuas BiSps Brachii, lub electrode tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov leeg plab ntawm cov biceps; Thaum tshuaj ntsuam cov plaub ntug Femoris, cov electrode tau muab tso rau ntawm ncej puab, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov leeg plab. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub electrodes (cov ntaubntawv hluav taws xob) feem ntau yog tso rau ntawm lub cim bony ze (xws li lub luj tshib lossis hauv caug) kom txo qis kev cuam tshuam.
Koob hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis zoo thiab tau ntxig ncaj qha rau hauv plab plab. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev kuaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov leeg cov leeg nqaij thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm neuromuscular kab mob. Qhov kev tso kawm ntawm koob hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab txoj haujlwm tseeb ntawm cov leeg, feem ntau raws li kev taw qhia ntawm kev paub anatomical. Piv txwv li, thaum tshuaj xyuas cov leeg qis, cov koob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov leeg plab.
Cov hluav taws xob rau Holter saib xyuas
Holter saib yog ib qho 24 -}} teev txuas ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem txuas mus ntxiv, thiab qhov yooj yim dua los pab txhawb tus neeg mob cov haujlwm txhua hnub.
Feem ntau, {3 - 5 electrodes siv rau Holter saib xyuas. Qhov chaw tso kawm feem ntau yog: ib electrode nyob ze tus ciam av sternal ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm midclaviular, thiab ib qho ze ntawm cov txheej txheem xiphoid. Cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem sau lub plawv ua haujlwm thaum tsis txhob muaj tus neeg mob lub zog cuam tshuam ntau li ntau tau. Cov electrodes yog tsau nrog cov nplaum tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob ntog thaum tus neeg mob cov haujlwm.
Cov hluav taws xob rau kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kev txhawb nqa (tens)
Kev kho lub cev yog lub cev txoj kev kho lub cev uas siv qis - zaus hluav taws xob pulses yog feem ntau raws li qhov mob ntawm lub cev thiab faib cov leeg.
Yog tias qhov mob hauv cheeb tsam (xws li cov hluav taws xob hauv nroog), cov hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau ob sab ntawm qhov chaw mob, txog2 - 5 cm sib nrug. Yog tias qhov mob cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov hlab ntsha (xws li sciatica), cov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tso raws txoj kev ntawm cov hlab ntsha, xws li ntawm cov ncej puab. Rau kev sib koom tes sib koom tes (xws li lub hauv caug mob), cov hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau ob sab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Tus yuam sij yog kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj hluav taws xob tuaj yeem npog qhov mob hluav taws xob ... {}} cov leeg muaj txiaj ntsig lossis cov leeg ua kom tiav cov nyhuv analgesic.
Hauv kev xaus, qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov electrodes ntawm lub cev sib txawv raws li kev ntsuam xyuas cov laj thawj sib txawv thiab cov hau kev. Seb nws yog ECG, EEG, ESG, lossis lwm yam kev xeem lossis cov qauv kev kuaj mob yog ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev kho teeb liab thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav xaiv cov qauv khomob uas tsim nyog tso raws li tus neeg mob qhov tshwj xeeb thiab kev ntsuas kev ntsuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov electrodes thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov cim.