Hauv kev lag luam xws li Aerospace rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, kev tshawb nrhiav cov hlau uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub zog thiab cov kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv huab cua sov siab yog qhov tsis tu ncua. Ib qho "muaj zog cua sov - Tsis muaj lub zog, tiv thaiv cov roj tensained), thiab tiv taus oxidation lossis corrosion ntawm ntug dej kub. Thaum ntau cov hlau thiab cov alloys ua kom pom kub ua ntej, qee cov ntaub ntawv sawv ntsug rau lawv lub zog tshwj xeeb hauv kev muaj zog hauv kev ua haujlwm siab. Cov xov xwm no tso tawm cov neeg sib tw ua rau cov npe ntawm "cua sov muaj zog tshaj plaws- tiv taus hlau" thiab lawv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Cov Cuab Yeej Tseem Ceeb rau kev ntsuas cov cua sov -} tiv taus lub zog
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov cua sov muaj zog tshaj plaws - Tsis kam hlau, peb cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb:
Siab - kub tensile lub zog: muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv raws qhov nro ntawm kev kub siab.
Creep tsis kam: lub peev xwm kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum raug ntev -}} lub sij hawm muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum muaj kub.
Oxidation tsis kam: lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog oxygen ntawm kev kub siab.
Cov hlau uas Excel nyob rau hauv txhua qhov peb thaj tsam tau suav tias yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau huab siab high- kub kev pab.
Cov Txheej Txheem Sab saum toj rau cov cua sov muaj zog tshaj plaws - tsis kam hlau
1. Tungsten (w)
Tungsten yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv dawb ntshiab rau nws qhov kev tiv thaiv kub tsis kam. Nws muaj lub siab tshaj plaws yaj taw ntawm txhua cov hlau, ntawm qhov sib txawv 3,422 degree. Qhov khoom ntiag tug no tau ua rau nws muaj kev sib tw hauv qhov siab- kev siv kub.
Hais txog siab - kub lub zog, tungsten khaws cov tensile tseem ceeb txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1,600 degree. Piv txwv li, thaum 1,000 degree, nws tseem tuav li 50% ntawm nws chav {{}} kub tensile lub zog. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj kev tiv thaiv kom deformation nyob rau hauv load hauv kev kub heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, tungsten puas muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Nws yog cov ntse ntawm chav tsev kub, uas tuaj yeem ua rau machining thiab fabrications nyuaj. Tsis tas li, thaum nws tawm tsam oxidation ntawm ib ncig 1,000 degree, nws ua rau cov ox oxide uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom poob.
Tungsten nrhiav cov ntawv thov hauv Aerospace thiab kev tiv thaiv, xws li hauv cov pob zeb cav nozzles thiab siab {{{{} Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov filaments rau high- kub taws teeb.
2. Molybdenum (mo)
Molybdenum yog lwm tus hlau ntshiab nrog cov cua sov zoo nkauj -} tiv taus cov khoom. Nws muaj lub siab melting point ntawm 2,623 degree, thib ob tsuas yog rau tungsten ntawm cov hlau.
Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog li 1,400 degree, molybdenum tswj cov tensile zoo lub zog thiab creep resistance. Nws yog ntau dua cov tungsten ntawm chav tsev kub, ua rau nws yooj yim dua ua haujlwm nrog thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.
Tab sis molybdenum yog qhov ua rau muaj oxidation ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 600 degree, sib sau ib tug molybdenum trioxide uas tsis muaj cov hlau siv lub sijhawm. Txhawm rau hais txog qhov no, feem ntau nws yog coated nrog cov ntaub ntawv xws li silicon lossis txhuas kom txhim kho nws cov oxidation tsis kam.
Cov kev siv ntawm molybdenum suav nrog kev tsim cov khoom lag luam siab - cov cuab yeej kub, xws li tuag rau casting superalloys. Nws tseem siv nyob rau hauv cua sov hais rau kev ua kom sov thiab raws li kev tivthaiv qhov chaw uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev kub ntxhov.
3. Npib - based supalloys (piv txwv li, inconel® 718)
Nickel -} based supalloys yog chav kawm ntawm alloys uas ua ke nrog lwm cov yam xws li chromium, hlau, thiab titanium. Inconel® 718 yog ib qho piv txwv siv dav dav, ua kev zoo siab rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov siab {}}}}} qhov chaw dej sov.
Cov alloys khaws zoo tensile lub zog thiab cov taub nyoos tiv thaiv nyob rau ntawm qhov kub txog rau 700 - 1, 000 degree. Lawv lub zog yog los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom -} Kev daws teeb meem, uas tsim lub microstructure ruaj khov txawm tias tsis muaj kev kub ntxhov.
Inconel® 718 tseem khav oxidation tsis kam, ua tsaug rau kev tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov roj ntsha oxide tso rau ntawm nws cov npoo. Cov txheej no ua raws li txoj kev thaiv, tiv thaiv kev ntxiv ntawm oxidation ntawm cov hlau pib.
Cov versatility ntawm inconel® 718 yog pom tseeb hauv nws cov ntawv thov. Nws yog qhov dav nyob rau hauv cov roj turbine tshuab, qhov twg cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo li cov hniav xeb thiab cov discts yog nthuav tawm txog qhov kub thiab tshuab kev ntxhov siab. Nws tseem pom nyob hauv cov roj thiab roj drilling cov khoom, nrog rau hauv nuclear fais fab cog cov.
4. Cobalt - based supalloys (piv txwv li, Haynes® 188)
Cobalt -} based supallots yog paub rau lawv cov siab zoo - kub lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam. Haynes® 188 yog qhov piv txwv muaj nuj nqis, nrog tus cim sib xyaw ua ke uas suav nrog cobalt, chromium, tungsten, thiab npib tsib xee.
Cov alloys tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub txog 1,100℃thaum tswj lub zog zoo thiab tensile lub zog. Lawv muaj kev tiv taus kub, uas yog qhov teeb meem loj hauv ib cheeb tsam uas sulfur-} muaj cov roj thiab cov roj rauv taws.
Cobalt -} Raws supalloys muaj zoo weldaby, tso cai rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev kho thiab cov fabrication ntawm cov khoom nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau kim dua nickel - based supalloys vim yog tus nqi ntau dua ntawm kev cobalt.
Cov ntawv thov ntawm Haynes® 188 muaj xws li nyob rau hauv cov roj turbine combustion cabre, qhov twg nws tau nthuav tawm huab cua sov thiab corrosive kev sib txuam ua pa. Nws tseem siv nyob rau hauv Rocket Cav Cheebtsam thiab muaj cov khoom cua muaj cua.
Kev sib piv thiab kev xaiv
Thaum muab piv cov cua sov no - tsis kam ntawm melals, Tungsten ua rau Melting taw tes thiab siab} kub tensile lub zog ntawm qhov kub siab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov teeb meem brittleness thiab oxidation ntawm qhov kub siab heev txwv nws siv hauv qee cov ntawv thov.
Molybdenum muaj kev sib npaug zoo ntawm lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau kev siv oxidizing ib puag ncig tshaj 600 degree.
Nickel -} Raws li supallloys zoo li qhov kub, sib xyaw ua ke, ua kom tiav txoj kev xaiv zoo rau ntau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Cobalt -} Raws supallloys xws li Haynes® 188 Excel nyob rau hauv kub corrosion tsis zoo saum 1,000℃tab sis tuaj nrog tus nqi siab dua.
Kev xaiv ntawm cov cua sov muaj zog tshaj plaws - Tsis kam ua hlau yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb:
Rau qhov kub siab tshaj 1,600℃thiab tsis - oxidizing ib puag ncig, tungsten yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.
Hauv oxidizing ib puag ncig mus txog li 1,000 degree, tsib xee {{2} bees superallots feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
Rau cov ntawv thov koom nrog kub corrosion thiab huab cua txias txog li 1,100 degree, cobalt - based supalloys yog qhov zoo tagnrho.
Tag
Tsis muaj ib tug - loj}-}}}} {{}} tiv taus hlau? " Raws li nws nyob ntawm qhov kub tshwj xeeb ntau, ib puag ncig cov xwm txheej, thiab kev yuav tsum muaj neeg kho tshuab ntawm daim ntawv thov. Tupsten, Molybdenum, nickel - based supalloys, thiab cobalt {{6} Raws li superallots tag nrho muaj lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Nickel -} Raws supallloys zoo li Inconel® 718 feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv ntau tshaj plaws vim lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig heev, xws li pob zeb tawg los yog tshwj xeeb muaj kev muaj chaw ua kom sov, tungsten lossis cobalt {{4 4} based supallots tej zaum yuav tsim nyog.
Raws li kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus thawb cov ciaj ciam ntawm cov haujlwm siab, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb}} Cov hlau tsis kam. Alloys tshiab thiab cov kev kho cov nplaim loj yog tau tsim los txhim kho lub zog ntxiv, thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kom muaj hlau tsim nyog rau txawm tias qhov kev siv kub tshaj plaws.
Rau cov neeg nrhiav cov cua sov uas muaj zog tshaj plaws - Cov hlau tiv taus ib qho kev siv, nws yog xa mus rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv thov.
