Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kho cua sov rau cov hlau?

Kev kho cua sov yog ib qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas hloov kho micriverries ntawm hlau los txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab}}} dailoring nws rau cov kev cai thov. Qhov "zoo tshaj plaws" kev kho cua sov rau cov hlau, nws qhov xav tau siv, thiab cov khoom siv tawv tawv rau cov khoom siv, lossis cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv kab ke). Tsis muaj ib tug- loj} {}} fitsing {} Txhua daim ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev qhia.
Annealing: Rau kev muag khoom thiab tshuabsab
Annealing yog kev kho cua sov uas cuam tshuam nrog kub rau kub (ib txwm muaj qhov ua kom muaj qhov ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv, thiab tom qab ntawd nws maj mam txias (ntau zaus nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg). Cov txheej txheem no tshem tawm sab hauv kev ntxhov siab, kho cov qauv grain, thiab muag cov hlau {} ua rau nws siv tau yooj yim, daim ntawv, lossis khoov. Nws yog tshwj xeeb siv rau high- cov hlau hlau, uas yog qhov nyuaj thiab nkig hauv lawv li- rolled lub xeev. Piv txwv li, annealed 1095 high - cov hlau hlau (siv rau hauv cov riam phom (siv rau hauv cov ntoo thiab ua ntej ua ntej ua ntej ua tau zoo kawg. Annealing yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum muaj kev ua ntej yog txhim kho tshuab luam ntawv, lossis npaj cov hlau rau kev ua tiav ntxiv (piv txwv li, ua haujlwm txias).
Normiction: rau kev sib xws thiab lub zog
Noendizing yog zoo ib yam li annealing tab sis koom nrog txias cov hlau hauv huab cua (ntau dua li maj mam nyob hauv lub cub tawg) tom qab cua sov. Tus nqi no ua kom nrawm dua, ntau dua cov qauv grain, ua rau muaj zog dua thiab tawv dua li kev ua haujlwm siab. Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev kho tsis ncaj micrubtructure hauv cam khwb cia hauv nrum lossis forged nplej lossis kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov hlau. Kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog siv rau cov qauv hlau (piv txwv li, A36) hauv kev tsim kho, qhov twg muaj zog thiab kev nruj ntau ntawm ib feem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws muaj zog zog thiab kev ua haujlwm, ua rau nws mus -} lub hom phiaj steel seem.
Quenching thiab tempering: rau lub zog thiab tawv
Quenching thiab tempering yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws kev kho cua sov rau ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov zog zoo li lub zog zoo li lub zog zoo li lub zog zoo li lub zog, shofts, thiab cov kev coj ua. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog ob kauj ruam: ua ntej, cov hlau ua cua sov saum toj nws hauv dej, lossis cov polymer kom txias rau hauv ib qho nyuaj, plhuav dav Micructure hu ua Martensite); Qhov thib ob, tempering (rov ua dua cov hlau quenched mus rau qhov kub qis dua, tom qab ntawd txias nws kom txo qis brittleness thaum khaws feem ntau ntawm lub hardness). Piv txwv li, 4140 alloy hlau (ib qho kev sib tw sib xyaw ua ke thiab ua kom tiav kom ua tiav lub zog tensile ntawm 100,000-150,000 txoj kev nyuaj los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Txoj kev kho no tsis yog siv rau cov ntawv thov kom siv tau ob qho kev siv zog thiab lub zog, xws li cov tshuab crankshaf lossis kev lag luam tshuab.
Hardening: rau siab tshaj plaws hardness
Hardening (feem ntau siv sib pauv nrog quenching, txawm tias teennically ib feem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus hlau lub micrubering los ntawm Martensite ua kom txias. Nws yog siv thaum nyuaj siab yog thawj qhov xav tau -}} eg, rau cov cuab yeej, lossis cov kabmob lossis cov kabmob sib tw. High -} Cov hlau hlau (piv txwv li, cov hlau siab tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los xij, tawv steel yog nkig, yog li nws tsis tshua siv tsis muaj kev kub taub hau tshwj tsis yog cov ntawv thov kom huv (piv txwv li, hauv tsis cuam tshuam cov khoom lag luam zoo li cov ntaub ntawv).
Cov ntaub ntawv hardening: rau saum npoo hardness nrog ib tug nyuaj core
Cov ntaub ntawv harening (suav nrog cov txheej txheem zoo li carburizing, nitriving, thiab carbonitrividing, thiab carbonitrividing) yog tsim los ua kom tawv me ntsis thaum tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais tawv thiab ductile. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov seem uas yuav tsum tau tawm tsam cov kev hnav (nyob rau saum npoo) tab sis kuj tseem nqus qhov cuam tshuam (hauv cov tub ntxhais)- Xws li cov txiaj ntsig, camsefts, lossis fasteners. Carburizing koom nrog cov hlau cua sov nyob rau hauv ib lub carbon- Cov pa roj carbon monoxe, ua raws li los ntawm quenuse "rooj plaub" (txheej saum npoo av). Nitrogen siv nitrogen hloov cov pa roj carbon, tsim ib qho nyuaj, hnav}}} tiv taus deb kub (txo qis). Piv txwv li, {{{{{{}} alloy steel (siv rau hauv nyuaj, hnav}} hrc) thaum khaws cov tub ntxhais tawv (30-35 hrc). Cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum cov khoom saum npoo av (hnav, tab sis txoj kev puas tsuaj tseem ceeb heev tsis tuaj yeem txi.
Kev ntxhov siab kev ntxhov siab: rau kev txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv
Kev ntxhov siab cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau cua sov rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab no nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv qab no nws qhov qhab nia F / 260-700 degree) thiab tuav nws muaj ua ntej txias txias. Nws tsis cuam tshuam lub hardness lossis lub zog tab sis tshem tawm sab hauv kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim los ntawm vuam, machin}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Kev hloov pauv, lossis kev hloov pauv sab hauv thaum siv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Welded cov qauv txheej txheem (piv txwv, cov choj steel) lossis cov cuab yeej siab (piv txwv li kev ntxhov siab- Kev ntxhov siab kev ntxhov siab yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum lub hom phiaj yog los tswj cov hlau deg tsis hloov nws cov khoom siv.
Xaiv txoj kev kho zoo tshaj plaws: kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb
Qhov "zoo tshaj plaws" kev kho cua sov kev kho mob ntawm peb yam:
1.Txoj Hom: Siab -}: 1095) Teb zoo rau kev tawv hlau (piv txwv li qis, 1018) feem ntau yog li qub rau lub zog. Alloy Steel (piv txwv li, 4140) Excel nrog quenching thiab tempering rau cov khoom sib npaug.
2.Application: txiav cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau tawv; Cov kab qauv txheej txheem xav tau ib txwm los yog kev ntxhov siab relieving; Zog yuav tsum muaj rooj plaub puas ntsoog.
3.Qhov chaw thaj chaw: ua ntej annealing rau ductility rau ductility, quenching / tempering rau lub zog {}} kev sib npaug, lossis cov ntaub ntawv ua kom tawv nqaij tsis kam.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kho cua sov rau cov hlau yog ib qho uas ua kom haum nrog nws cov lus thiab npaj siv. Quenching thiab tempering yog ntau yam rau lub zog {{}} kev sib npaug, annealing rau kev coj ua tsis kam, thiab kev ntxhov siab kom ruaj khov. Los ntawm txuam kev kho mob rau cov hlau cov kev xav tau, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem xauv nws lub peev xwm tag nrho rau kev lag luam tshwj xeeb lossis cov kev siv cov qauv txheej txheem tshwj xeeb.