Submerged arc welding (SAW) has long been a workhorse in heavy industries such as shipbuilding, pipeline construction, and structural steel fabrication, valued for its high deposition rates, deep penetration, and ability to produce high-quality welds. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li ib qho txheej txheem vuam, nws tsis yog tsis muaj kev txwv. Nkag siab txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm submerged arc vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov tshuaj tua tsiaj kom paub txiav txim siab txog thaum twg thiab thaum twg mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev.
1. Siv tsawg heev hauv kev sib koom ua ke geometry thiab kev siv tau
Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm pom yog nws tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tuav cov kev sib koom tes lossis nyuaj - mus txog thaj chaw. Cov txheej txheem tso siab rau ntawm Granli Flux uas yuav tsum tau npog tag nrho weld cheeb tsam los thaiv cov pas dej molten, uas txwv nws mus rau hauv cov kab rov tav lossis kab rov tav fillet welds feem ntau. Ntsug los yog overhead vuam yog qhov nyuaj heev, ua rau cov hlau flux thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij weld thiab ua kom tsis tiav zoo li tsis tiav thiab ua tsis tiav.
Qhov kev txwv no tseem txuas ntxiv kom sib koom ua ke. Tau pom yuav tsum tau nkag rau hauv Weld thaj chaw rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob thiab cov pob zeb tsis haum, piv txwv li ntawm cov tswv yim nruj (piv txwv li ntawm cov tswv cuab nruj me ntsis). Hauv kev sib piv, cov txheej txheem zoo li Tig lossis Mig vuam tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav qhov sib txuas me me lossis cov neeg txawv txawv yooj yim dua yooj yim dua.
2. Cov nqi pib teeb tsa thiab khoom siv nyuaj
Pom lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem kim dua rau tau txais thiab teeb tsa piv rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim xws li lo ua ke vuam lossis yooj yim mig vuam. Ua tiav pom teeb suav nrog lub zog siv hluav taws xob, hlau feeder, flux feeder, thiab ntau zaus, ib sab caj npab mus ncig ua si los yog sib zog ua kom muaj kev tso chaw. Rau loj- cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm siab, tab sis rau kev lag luam me me lossis kev nqis peev feem ntau tsis txwv.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov cuab yeej siv xav tau kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm. Welders yuav tsum npaj flux tuav (piv txwv li, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kho cov khoom siv roj tsis zoo, thiab kev hloov kho kom taug kev nrawm thiab tam sim no kom sib phim ua ke tuab. Qhov nyuaj no nce kev kawm lub sijhawm thiab cov nqi zog, ua rau pom cov haujlwm tsawg dua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsawg tus neeg ua haujlwm.
3. Kev rhiab rau lub hauv paus kev npaj thiab haum - Up
Pom yog qhov siab heev ntawm kev ceev me me hlau hlau npaj kom ua tiav cov khoom siv zoo {}} qhov xav tau uas ntxiv rau lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi rau cov txheej txheem. Cov flux tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau cov chaw qias neeg lossis cov khoom siv tsis zoo: roj, xeb, pancing rau porids, ua kom tawg, lossis txo lub zog. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov chaw yuav tsum tau huv (piv txwv li, ntawm kev sib tsoo lossis cov tshuaj etching) ua ntej vuam muag nrog mig vuam nrog mig vuam nrog mig wluxes.
Haum - Yuav ua kom muaj kev ua siab ntev yog lwm qhov teeb meem. Pom cov kev tawm tsam nrog qhov khoob lossis misalignment hauv pob qij txha. Txawm tias cov hlau me me (tshaj li 1.5 hli) tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau molten ntws los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, tawm hauv undercel lossis hlawv {{}}} los ntawm. Qhov no xav tau kev txiav npluav thiab haum ntawm workpieces, uas yog lub sij hawm-}}}} Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm loj.
4. Flux {- Txoj Kev Nyuaj Siab: Tus nqi, tuav, thiab khib nyiab
Lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj uas txhais tau pom yog ob qho tib si lub zog (muab cov ntaub thaiv npog zoo dua) thiab qhov tsis muaj zog. Flux sawv cev tus nqi tsis tu ncua, thiab thaum tsis siv flux tuaj yeem siv tau, tsuas yog kwv yees li 50-70% yog cov thaub qab zoo. Qhov seem flux ua paug nrog slag, hlau hais, lossis khib nyiab, xav tau pov tseg raws li khib nyiab. Rau siab - Cov nqi ntim, qhov no tsim cov nqi thiab ib puag ncig flux yuav kom muaj pov tseg tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj dej paug.
Flux tuav kuj tseem qhia txog cov nyom ntawm cov nyom. Nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv cov kab mob qhuav {{1} noo noo noo noo tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa flux rau hauv hydrogen rau hauv hydrogen hauv hydrogen thaum lub sij hawm vuam. Qhov no ntxiv cov nqi ntim khoom (piv txwv li, ntim kaw cia lossis qhuav} Weld Flux kom qhuav) zoo li yog cov txheej txheem pub dawb zoo li Tig Vuam.
5. Tsawg haum rau cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias thiab tsis - ferrous hlau
Kaw tau ua kom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv tuab (feem ntau 6mm thiab siab dua) vim nws cov lus qhia kub siab thiab sib sib zog nqus. Rau cov hlau diav (tsawg dua 3mm), cov txheej txheem yog nquag hlawv {}}}} kub yaj los ntawm cov kav hlau ua ntej lub pas dej ruaj khov tuaj yeem ua tau. Txawm tias nrog txo cov chaw tam sim no, tswj cov lus sov so rau cov ntu nyias yog nyuaj dua nrog tig los yog ua kom sov.
Tsis - ferrous hlau zoo li txhuas, tooj liab, lossis titanium kuj nyuaj rau weld nrog pom. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau flux tshwj xeeb (feem ntau kim lossis nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv oxidation, thiab lawv lub siab thermal conductivity tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntawm cov tswv yim tshav kub thiab flux thaiv. Feem ntau, tig los yog laser vuam tseem muaj ntau txoj kev ntseeg tau rau tsis {} ferrous kev thov.
6. Slag tshem tawm thiab xa tawm - weld tu
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem zoo li mig vuam (qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsawg heev) lossis tig mus rau hauv daim tawv), uas tsim kom muaj kev sib tw tuab ntawm Weld hlaws dai. Qhov kev sib tw no yuav tsum tau raug tshem tawm manually (piv txwv li, nrog tus lej sib dhos lossis hlau txhuam) lossis ntawm cov cuab yeej hlau, ntxiv rau cov tub rog Weld tu uas nce lub sijhawm ruaj khov. Rau cov vuam loj (piv txwv li, nkoj lub nkoj ntawm cov nqaws), slag tshem tawm tuaj yeem yog lub sijhawm - siv thiab siv lub cev.
In some cases, slag may also become trapped in the weld (eg, in multi-pass welds) if not fully removed between passes, leading to subsurface defects that compromise strength. Qhov kev pheej hmoo no yuav tsum tau ua kom tau kev tshuaj xyuas ua kom huv thiab kev hla dhau ntawm kev hla, kev ua kom qeeb qeeb.
Kev ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias pom qhov tsis zoo feem ntau yog cov ntsiab lus- nyob. Rau qhov loj, tiaj, tuab {{{{}} piptions {}}} nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws cov kev txwv no. Txawm li cas los xij, rau me me - batch ua haujlwm, ua haujlwm sib dhos, lossis nyias / tsis yog} cov txheej txheem ferrous, lwm cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog cov tswv yim ntau dua.
Tag
Submerged Arc Vuam yog lub cuab yeej muaj zog, tab sis nws qhov kev tsis txaus siab, thiab cov kev txwv siab rau cov khoom siv thickness thiab ntaus}}} Hais kom raug nws cov niche. Cov kev txwv no tsis ploj mus pom tus nqi hauv kev lag luam hnyav tab sis hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev siv vuam rau daim ntawv thov.
Rau cov tuam tsev tsim khoom, tus yuam sij yog kom hnyav pom tus nqi loj kawg thiab weld zoo tawm tsam nws cov kev txwv. Hauv ntau kis, ib tus hybrid mus kom ze {{1} siv cov pob qij txha thiab cov pob qij txha sib xyaw lossis cov khoom siv nyias lossis cov khoom sib luag zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab versatility. Raws li vuam thev naus laus zis hloov zuj zus, kev txhim kho zoo li cov tshuab hluav taws xob rov qab ua dua tshiab thiab nkag siab cov kev txwv no tseem ceeb tau pom qhov ua tau zoo.
