Cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog qhov tseem ceebtsev xog paj. Txij li thaumMuaj kiv puag ncig, anthropogenic emissions - suav nrog kev hlawv cov roj carbon-based fossil fuels thiab kev hloov pauv av (feem ntaudeforestation) - tau nce ceev nws cov concentration hauv cov huab cua, ua rauntiaj teb ua kom sov. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide kuj ua raudej hiav txwv acidificationvim nws yaj hauv dej kom tsimcarbonic acid
In kev lag luam chemical, carbon dioxide feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoomurea, nrog ib feem me me yog siv los tsimmethanolthiab ntau yam ntawm lwm cov khoom,xws li hlaucarbonatesthiabbicarbonates.Qee carboxylic acid derivatives xws lisodium salicylatetau npaj siv CO2 los ntawm covKolbe-Schmitt cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv CO2 rau kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg, cov txheej txheem electrochemical kuj tseem raug tshawb fawb ntawm qib kev tshawb fawb. Tshwj xeeb, kev siv lub zog tauj dua tshiab rau kev tsim cov roj los ntawm CO2 (xws li methanol) yog qhov txaus nyiam vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj uas tuaj yeem thauj tau yooj yim thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon monoxide combustion technologies tab sis tsis muaj net CO2 emissions.
Khoom noj khoom haus
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog ibzaub mov additivesiv los ua tus kiv cua thiab acidity regulator hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Nws tau pom zoo rau kev siv hauv EU (tso npe raws liE naj npawbE290), UAthiab Australia thiab New Zealand (tso npe los ntawm nws tus lej INS 290).
Ib qho khoom qab zib hu uaPop Pob Zebyog pressurized nrog carbon dioxide roj ntawm txog 4 x 106 Pa (40 bar, 580 psi). Thaum muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, nws yaj (ib yam li lwm yam khoom qab zib nyuaj) thiab tso cov pa npuas nrog lub suab nrov.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mobua rau lub khob noom cookie nce los ntawm kev tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide.Baker's poov xabtsim carbon dioxide los ntawm fermentation ntawm suab thaj nyob rau hauv lub khob noom cookie, thaum tshuaj leaveners xws lici hmoovthiabci dej qab zibtso cov pa roj carbon dioxide thaum tshav kub los yog raug raukua qaub.
Dej haus
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog siv los tsimcarbonateddej qab zibthiabdej qab zib. Kev lig kev cai, carbonation ntawm npias thiab sparkling caw tuaj txog los ntawm ntuj fermentation, tab sis ntau manufacturers carbonate cov dej qab zib nrog carbon dioxide zoo zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub raj mis thiab kegged npias, feem ntau txoj kev siv yog carbonation nrog recycled carbon dioxide. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm BritishTiag Ale, cov npias npias feem ntau yog pauv los ntawm kegs hauv chav txias lossis cellar rau cov kais dej ntawm lub bar siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide, qee zaum tov nrog nitrogen.
ua cawv txiv hmab
Carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawmdej khov qhuavfeem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lubua cawv txiv hmabtxheej txheem kom txias cia pawg ntawmtxiv kab ntxwvsai sai tom qab xaiv los pab tiv thaiv tus kheejfermentationntawm quspoov xab. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm kev siv cov dej khov qhuav dhau dej khov dej tsis tu ncua yog tias nws txias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yam tsis ntxiv dej ntxiv uas yuav txo tau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.qab zibconcentration nyob rau hauvgrape yuav tsum, thiab yog li ntawd kuj txo covcawvconcentration nyob rau hauv lub tiav wine.
Cov dej khov qhuav yog siv thaum lub sijhawmdej txiastheem ntawm txoj kev ua cawv kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txias. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide uas tshwm sim los ntawm sublimation ntawm cov dej khov qhuav yuav nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam vim nws yog denser tshaj huab cua. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tau tso tseg tsim ib qho chaw hypoxic uas pab tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom txog rau thaum nws yog lub sij hawm pib lub fermentation nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov poov xab.
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide kuj yog siv los tsim ib qho chaw hypoxic raucarbonic maceration, txheej txheem siv los tsimBeaujolaiscawv.
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide qee zaum siv los sau cov hwj cawv lossis lwm yamkhaws ciacov hlab ntsha xws li cov thoob los tiv thaiv oxidation, txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov teeb meem uas nws tuaj yeem yaj rau hauv cov cawv txiv hmab, ua rau yav tas los tseem cawv me ntsis fizzy. Vim li no, lwm yam gases xws linitrogenlos yogargonyog nyiam rau cov txheej txheem no los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij winemakers.
Inert gas
Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv compressed gases rau pneumatic (pressurized gas) systems nyob rau hauv portable siab cov cuab yeej. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide kuj tseem siv los ua qhov cua rauvuam, txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub vuam arc, nws reacts rauoxidizefeem ntau cov hlau. Kev siv hauv kev lag luam automotive muaj ntau txawm tias muaj pov thawj tseem ceeb uas cov welds ua hauv carbon dioxide ntau duankawstshaj li cov uas ua nyob rau hauv ntau inert atmospheres, thiab hais tias xws li weld pob qij txha deteriorate nyob rau lub sij hawm vim yog tsim ntawm carbonic acid.xav tau kev sau ntawv] Nws yog siv los ua cov roj vuam feem ntau vim tias nws tsis tshua kim dua li cov roj inert ntau dua liargonlos yoghelium.[xav tau kev sau ntawv] Thaum siv rauMIG vuam, CO2 siv qee zaum hu ua MAG vuam, rau Hlau Active Gas, raws li CO2 tuaj yeem hnov mob ntawm cov kub kub no. Nws zoo li tsim cov pas dej kub ntau dua li cov cua tsis zoo tiag tiag, txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw hauv av. Qhov no feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xav tau thaum vuam, raws li nws nyhav rau qhov chaw, tab sis tej zaum yuav tsis yog ib qho teeb meem rau cov hlau me me, qhov kawg ductility tsis yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj.
Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov neeg siv khoom uas yuav tsum tau cov pa roj compression vim nws yog itsis kim thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob, thiab vim tias nws dhau mus rau theem hloov ntawm cov pa mus rau cov kua hauv chav tsev kub ntawm qhov siab ntawm kwv yees li 60.bar(870 psi, 59 atm), tso cai rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau dua kom haum rau hauv ib lub thawv ntim ntau dua li qhov xav tau. Cov tsho lub neej feem ntau muaj cov kaus poom ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide siab kom nrawm nrawm. Aluminium capsules ntawm CO2 kuj raug muag raws li cov khoom siv roj compressed rauphom phom, paintballmarkers, inflating tsheb kauj vab log tsheb, thiab uacarbonated dej. Kev nrawm nrawm ntawm cov kua carbon dioxide yog siv rau kev tawg hauv cov mines. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide siab tuaj yeem siv los tua kab tsuag. Cov kua carbon dioxide yog siv rau hauvsupercritical ziabntawm qee cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis, hauv kev npaj cov qauv rauscanning electron microscopythiab hauvdecaffeinationntawmkas festaum.
Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tuaj yeem siv los tua cov nplaim taws los ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov nplaim taws nrog cov roj. Nws tsis yog nws tus kheej hnov qab tua cov nplaim taws, tab sis tshaib plab cov nplaim ntawm oxygen los ntawm kev tso nws. Ib txhiahluav taws tua hluav taws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tsim los rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, muaj kua carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv siab. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide extinguishers ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob me me thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tab sis tsis yog ntawm cov hluav taws kub zoo tib yam, vim hais tias txawm tias nws tsis suav nrog oxygen, nws tsis txias cov khoom kub hnyiab thiab thaum cov pa roj carbon dioxide disperses lawv tsis muaj hluav taws kub thaum raug cua sov. oxygen. Lawv qhov kev ntshaw hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias, tsis zoo li dej lossis lwm yam tshuaj raws li txoj hauv kev, carbon dioxide yuav tsis ua rau luv luv, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau rau cov khoom siv. Vim tias nws yog cov pa roj, nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim los faib cov pa roj ntau hauv IT infrastructure chav, qhov twg qhov hluav taws kub nws tus kheej yuav nyuaj rau ncav cuag nrog ntau txoj hauv kev tam sim ntawd vim nws nyob tom qab lub qhov rooj khib nyiab thiab sab hauv. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide kuj tau siv dav los ua tus neeg tua hluav taws hauv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ruaj khov rau hauv zos siv cov kev phom sij tshwj xeeb thiab tag nrho cov dej nyab ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv. International Maritime Organization cov qauv tseem lees paub cov pa roj carbon dioxide rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm lub nkoj tuav thiab chav cav. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide raws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub tau txuas nrog ntau tus neeg tuag, vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus hauv qhov muaj ntau txaus. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm CO2 systems tau txheeb xyuas 51 qhov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo 1975 thiab hnub tim ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom, ua rau 72 tus neeg tuag thiab 145 raug mob.
Supercritical CO2 ua kuab tshuajCov kua roj carbon dioxide yog qhov zookuab tshuajrau ntaulipophilicorganic tebchawthiab yog siv los tshem tawmcaffeinelos ntawmkas fes. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tau ntxim nyiam nyob hauvtshuajthiab lwm yam kev lag luam chemical ua cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg dua rau cov kuab tshuaj ntau dua xws liorganochlorides. Nws yog siv los ntawm qee tuscov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws qhuavvim li no (saibntsuab chemistry). Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm ib coaerogelsvim yog cov khoom ntawm supercritical carbon dioxide.
