Kev ntsuas los txhim kho lub zog qaug zog ntawm cov qauv welded
1) Txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov qaug zog tawg qhov chaw hauv qhov sib koom ua ke thiab cov qauv ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab concentration point, tshem tawm lossis txo tag nrho cov kev ntxhov siab concentration, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov qaug zog ntawm cov qauv.
(1) Txais ib daim qauv tsim nyog
① Muab qhov tseem ceeb rau pob qij txha, sim tsis txhob siv cov pob qij txha; Lub T-shaped pob qij txha los yog lub kaum sab xis yog hloov mus rau hauv lub pob tw, yog li ntawd cov weld zam lub kaum sab xis; Thaum siv T-joints los yog Angle pob qij txha, nws yog ntshaw kom siv tag nrho permeable taub qab welds.
② Sim zam qhov tsim ntawm eccentric load, kom lub zog sab hauv ntawm tus tswv cuab yog du thiab sib npaug, thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv.
③ Txhawm rau txo qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim ntawd ntawm ntu, thaum lub phaj tuab lossis phaj dav sib txawv heev thiab xav tau qhov chaw docking, yuav tsum tau tsim qhov chaw hloov chaw; Lub kaum ntse ntse lossis kaum ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv cov duab arc, thiab qhov loj ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm curvature, qhov zoo dua.
④ zam qhov sib txuam ntawm peb txoj kev welds, sim tsis txhob teeb tsa cov welds nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam kev ntxhov siab, thiab sim tsis txhob teeb tsa cov welds transverse ntawm cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb; Thaum tsis muaj kev zam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo thiab sab nraud ntawm vuam thiab txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm tus ntiv taw.
⑤ Lub taub qab vuam tsuas tuaj yeem txuas rau ntawm ib sab, thiab lub phaj ruaj khov tsis pub muab tso rau sab nraub qaum ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb; Tsis txhob siv cov welds sib quas ntus vim tias muaj kev ntxhov siab siab thaum pib kawg ntawm txhua qhov vuam.
(2) Kho weld zoo thiab zoo weld sab hauv thiab sab nraud zoo
(1) Qhov seem qhov siab ntawm lub pob tw qhov sib txuas yuav tsum me me li qhov ua tau, thiab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau lub dav hlau (los yog zom) tiaj tus tom qab vuam yam tsis muaj qhov seem seem;
② Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv fillet welds nrog concave nto rau T-shaped pob qij txha, tsis muaj fillet welds nrog convexity;
③ Cov ntiv taw ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov vuam thiab lub hauv paus hlau saum npoo yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom zoo, thiab cov ntiv taw yuav tsum yog hauv av lossis argon arc remelted yog tias tsim nyog los txo qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob ntawd.
Txhua qhov vuam tsis xws luag muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ntxhov siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog flake vuam tsis xws luag, xws li cov kab nrib pleb, tsis nkag, tsis-fusion thiab ntug tom, thiab lwm yam, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev qaug zog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov vuam yog ib qho yooj yim rau welding, thiaj li yuav txo tau qhov tsis xws ntawm vuam, thiab qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
2) Kho cov kev ntxhov siab seem
Cov residual compressive kev nyuaj siab nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov tswv cuab los yog cov kev ntxhov siab concentration tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog qaug zog ntawm cov qauv welded. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev kho qhov sib txuas ntawm vuam thiab cov cua sov hauv zos, nws muaj peev xwm tau txais qhov seem ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab uas tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho lub zog qaug zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov deformation ntxiv dag zog, xws li dov, hammering lossis txhaj tshuaj peening, kuj tuaj yeem raug coj los ua kom cov hlau saum npoo yas deformation thiab hardening, thiab tsim cov seem compressive kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv txheej txheej kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho qaug zog.
Cov residual compressive kev ntxhov siab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm qhov thais tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev siv ib zaug ua ntej overload stretching rau tus tswv cuab tsis tau. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov cim qhia ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob tom qab elastic unloading yog ib txwm sib txawv ntawm cov cim ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sij hawm (elastoplastic) loading. Txoj kev no tsis haum rau bending overloading los yog ntau tensile loading. Nws feem ntau ua ke nrog cov qauv kev lees paub, xws li cov hlab ntsha siab rau kev ntsuas hydraulic, tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ua ntej tshaj qhov tensile.
3) Txhim kho cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev txhim kho lub zog qaug zog ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thiab vuam hlau yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Lub metallurgical zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau txhim kho kom txo tau cov kev suav nrog hauv nws. Cov khoom tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem smelting xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub tshuab nqus tsev degassing, thiab txawm tias electroslag remelting los xyuas kom meej purity; Lub neej qaug zog ntawm grain steel tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm chav tsev kub. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws microstructure tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev kho cua sov, thiab plasticity thiab toughness tuaj yeem txhim kho thaum lub zog nce. Tempered martensite, qis carbon martensite thiab qis bainite muaj zog tiv taus ntau dua. Thib ob, lub zog, plasticity thiab toughness yuav tsum sib haum xeeb. Lub zog yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev tawg, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog muaj zog yog rhiab rau qhov tsis zoo. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm plasticity yog tias los ntawm cov yas deformation, kev ua haujlwm deformation tuaj yeem nqus tau, kev ntxhov siab ncov tuaj yeem txo qis, kev ntxhov siab siab tuaj yeem rov faib dua, thiab qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab qhov tawg tuaj yeem dhau mus, thiab qhov tawg tuaj yeem txo qis lossis txawm tias nres. Plasticity tuaj yeem xyuas kom meej tias lub zog ntawm kev ua si tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, rau high-strength steel thiab ultra-high-strength steel, sim txhim kho me ntsis plasticity thiab toughness yuav ho txhim kho nws qaug zog tiv thaiv.
4) Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb
Atmospheric nruab nrab erosion feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub zog qaug zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, yog li nws yog qhov zoo los siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, txheej txheej yas uas muaj cov fillers ntawm kev ntxhov siab yog ib txoj hauv kev txhim kho.
