Nrum alloys, muaj nuj nqis rau lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov duab nyuaj nrog kev tiv thaiv nruj, yog siv dav hauv cov cav, tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab kev lag luam tshuab. Vuam nrum alloys yog ib qho kev txawj tshwj xeeb uas xav tau precision {}, muaj cov pa roj carrot) thiab almoy porositures) thiab silicon hauv nris txhuas). Tsis zoo li wroughs, cam khwb cia yuav tsum ua cov txheej txheem ua kom tsis txhob tawg, porosity, lossis lub zog ploj. Cov lus qhia no qhia txog cov txuj ci siab ua haujlwm, los ntawm cov hom khoom, kom ntseeg tau, siab- ua hauj lwm zoo.
Cov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb ua ntej vuam cam khwb cia alloys
Muaj kev vam meej Camloy Vuam pib nrog kev npaj, raws li cov kauj ruam tsis raug cai yog thawj qhov ua rau tsis xws luag.
1. Txheeb xyuas qhov cam duab alloy
Nrum alloys sib txawv sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw, thiab txoj kev vuam raws li lawv lub hauv paus:
Ferrous Nrum Alloys: Nrum hlau (Grey, ductile, malile) thiab cam steel.
Tsis - ferrous nrum alloys: Nrum txhuas, nrum tooj liab, thiab nrum magnesium.
Siv cov nplooj ntawv spectroscopy lossis cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kom paub meej tias Alloy {{}} Cov duab txho cam khwb cia
2. Tshawb xyuas cov hlau hauv paus
Siv cov kev sim zas xim (DPT) lossis ultrasonic kuaj (U) los tshawb xyuas cov kab nrib pleb, porosity, lossis suav nrog cov kab cam. Cov flaws no tuaj yeem nthuav tawm thaum lub sij hawm vuam yog tias tsis hais. Rau cov ntxig castings, pre- Weld Kho (piv txwv li Epoxy Filling rau tsis} tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw) yuav tsim nyog.
3. Ntxuav qhov chaw vuam
Tshem tawm cov dej paug saum npoo av: Siv hlau hlau (hlau stainless rau tsis - ferrous, carbon hlau rau ferrous) los tshem tawm cov xeb, pleev xim, lossis ntsuas. Rau oily surfaces, ntsuas nrog cov cawv isopropyl lossis acetone-} roj av vaporize thaum lub sij hawm vuam, ua rau porosity.
Tshem Oxide Txheej: Rau cov tsis - ferrous nrum alloys (piv txwv li, nitric acci) kom tshem tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide, uas thaiv fusion.
Vuam cov tswv yim los ntawm cam khwb cia alloy hom
Ferrous Nrum Alloys: cam khwb cia hlau thiab cam hlau
Grey Cast Hlau Vuam
Grey cam khwb cia hlau (2-4% cov pa roj carbon, 1-3% silicon) yog nquag mus tawg vim tias muaj kev sib tw qis. Ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:
Preheat ib feem: Tshav kub txog 200-350℃(392-662 Qib F) Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis qhov cub kom txo cov nqi txias txias thiab tsis txhob muaj nkev txias tsim.
Xaiv cov txheej txheem vuam thiab muab tub lim:
Rau kev kho vaj tse (piv txwv, cov cav ntoo), siv GTAW) nrog Nickel {2} Cov nphia (piv txwv li ENK REATE C1). Npib tsib xee me me cov pa hluav taws kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau weld, txo qis brittleness.
Rau tsis - Cov pob qij txha tseem ceeb, brazing (
Vuam tsis muaj: Siv cov tswv yim tshav kub tsawg (100-150 A rau GTAW) thiab nrawm mus ncig ua si kom tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov. Tswj cov arc luv kom tsis txhob muaj lub ntsej muag.
Tshaj tawm - weld cua txias: Tso cai rau ntu kom txias rau hauv cov pam vov insulating lossis cub (txias tus nqi<50°C/hour) to relieve residual stress.
Zas cam khwb cia hlau vuam
Zas cam khwb cia hlau (spheroidal graphite) muaj kev nruj dua li grey cam khwb cia hlau tab sis tseem xav tau kev saib xyuas:
Preheat rau 150-200 degree: Tiv thaiv kev tawg txias.
Vuam txheej txheem: Gmaw (MIG) nrog Nickel - tooj sau tub muab tub luam (piv txwv li, ornicu-7) ua haujlwm zoo rau cov pob qij txha.
Cov ruam tseem ceeb: Zam kev ua kom sov ntau dhau, uas tuaj yeem thim kev sib cav sib xyaw rau cov ntoo flake graphite, txo kev txhim kho. Cia cov kev cuam tshuam kub hauv qab 300 degree.
Cam khwb cia hlau vuam
Cam khwb cia hlau (carbon<2%) welds more easily than cast iron, resembling wrought steel:
Preheat yog tias xav tau: For high-carbon cast steel (>0.3% carbon), preheat rau 150-300℃kom tiv thaiv martensite tsim.
Vuam txheej txheem: Smaw (stick vuam) nrog qis - hydrogen electrodes (piv txwv li, er70}} 6 rau tsawg-alloy cam khwb cia hlau).
Tsis: Siv cov tswv yim tshav kub kub (200-250 a rau smaw) thiab tswj hwm 10-15 mm / s taug kev nrawm.
Post - Weld Kev Kho Cua Sov: Kev nyuaj siab nyem annealing ntawm 600-650℃rau 1 teev ib 25 hli tuab kom txo qis kev ntxhov siab.
Tsis - ferrous nrum alloys: nrum aluminium thiab nrum tooj liab
Nrum Txhuas Vuam
Nrum aluminium alloys (piv txwv li, 356, A380, nrog 5-13% silicon) yog nquag mus rau kub tawg thiab porosity:
Npaj Npaj Ntev: Tshem cov khaubncaws sab nraud dej oxide nrog lub stainless - txhuam txhuam thiab degre- tseem ceeb rau fusion.
Vuam txheej txheem: Gtaw (ac tam sim no) lossis gmaw nrog cov hauj lwm tam sim no zoo tshaj:
GTAWAC AC muab "tu tu" kom tawg oxides; Siv cov kev tiv thaiv Argon (99.99% Purity).
Gmaw pulsed tam sim no (100-200 hz) txo qhov sib xws thiab tswj cov lus tawm thaum tshav kub.
Chais Xaiv: Siv 4043 (silicon {- rich) muab tub lim rau 3000/6000 camumin noom txhuas kom tiv thaiv cov kub tawg. Rau 5000-series nrum txhuas, 5356 (magnesium-nplua nuj) muab tub lim khoom sib xyaw.
Tsis: Rau 6 hli tuab nrum aluminium, teeb gtaw tam sim no mus rau 120-150 a, taug kev nrawm mus rau 100-150 hli / min. Zam txhob overheating, uas ua rau cog qoob loo loj hlob.
Post - weld: Huab cua txias, tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog hlau hlau los tshem tawm cov seem flux. Rau tshav kub -} Duaj nrum txhuas (piv txwv li, 206), T6 Tempering + Laus) Restores lub zog.
Cam Khwb xim Alloy Vuam
Nrum tshuab copper alloys (piv txwv li, tooj dag, tooj dag) muaj siab thermal conductivity, xav tau siab sov tawm tswv yim:
Preheat tuab cov ntu: Cua sov mus rau 200-400℃kom qeeb dissipation.
Vuam txheej txheem: GTaw nrog kev tiv thaiv argon, siv cov muab tub lim rau cov alloy (piv txwv li, silicon bronze muab tub luam rau kev ntiab tawm).
Tsis: Siv cov siab tam sim no (200-300 a) thiab ib qho arc kom nruj. For leaded cast brass, avoid welding-leaded fumes are toxic; Brazing muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.
Post - Weld Soj Ntsuam thiab Kho
Kev Tshawb Xyuas: Siv DPT los tshawb xyuas qhov chaw sib tsoo lossis porosity. Rau qhov tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv aerospace), siv tshuab hluav taws xob (RT) los tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem subsurface.
Kev Kuaj Neeg Kho Tshuab: Rau thauj khoom - Cov kabmob sib koom ua ke, piv txwv, nrum aluminium welds yuav tsum ua tiav 80% ntawm lub hauv paus hlau lub zog).
Lub xov: Grind Wels rau tshem tawm lub voos thiab ua kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb. Rau corrosion -} eg, nrum allots (piv txwv li cov txheej tiv thaiv (piv txwv li, anodizing) tom qab ntxuav.
Muaj Cov Kev Coj Zoo
Match Filler rau Alloy: Tsis txhob siv cov tub lim hlau ua rau cam khwb cia txhuas (ua rau muaj kev sib tw britthatallics) lossis Aluminium tub lim rau ntawm cov hlau cam (tsis muaj fusion).
Tswj tshav kub tawm: Cua sov ntau dhau rau cov qoob loo sib xyaw (hauv cov hlau cam khwb cia) lossis oxide tsim (hauv nrum txhuas); Cov tshav kub tsis txaus ua kom tsis tiav Fusion.
Cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem: Rau cov txiaj ntsig rov ua dua tshiab (cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau muaj dua tshiab, tam sim no, taug kev nrawm) thiab alloy} qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm hauv kev tsim kho.
Vuam nrum alloys yuav tsum tau cov ntaub ntawv {{} Kev xaiv kom raug, tab sis kev tswj hwm cua sov, nws ua rau kev kho cua sov, nws ua tau zoo siv thiab tsim khoom. Los ntawm kev hloov kho cam khwb cia hlau cav thaiv kom koom nrog cov txheej txheem txhuas ib lub - kev siv cov ntawv thov. Raws li vuam tshuab ua kom nce qib - Xws li cov kev sib txhuam tawm, nthuav dav kev sib txhuam, nthuav dav ntawm kev nruab alloy Fabrication.
