1. Kev xaiv tooj liab
Cov yeeb nkab tooj liab yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv tub yees, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab txuas cov kav dej thiab fittings. Cov yeeb nkab fittings feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj liab (ntsuab) cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv feem ntau siv yog tooj liab-phosphorus solder, silver-copper solder, tooj liab-zinc solder, thiab lwm yam. Thaum vuam, raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv yeeb nkab, kev xaiv raug ntawm solder thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm vuam.
tooj liab rau tooj liab soldering: Phosphor tooj liab solder los yog phosphor tooj liab solder nrog cov nyiaj tsawg, xws li 2% los yog 5% nyiaj-raws li solder, yuav siv tau. Cov solder no kuj pheej yig, muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo, siv cov txheej txheem caulking thiab ntub dej, thiab tsis tas yuav flux.
Vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab hlau: Phosphor tooj liab solder los yog tooj dag bar solder tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis cov flux sib xws, xws li borax, boric acid los yog sib xyaw flux ntawm boric acid, kuj siv tau.
2. Kev ua haujlwm vuam
Siv cov ntawv xuab zeb tshem tawm cov roj, oxides, smudges thiab plua plav tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab tso rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke. Cov yeeb nkab tooj liab yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw welded. Pipeline vuam xav kom qhov ntev ntawm cov nplaim nruab nrab feem ntau yog 20-30cm. Thaum cov pa tawm ntau dua li cov pa tawm, cov nplaim carbonized uas tsis haum rau vuam yuav raug tsim. Siv lub vuam teeb los ua kom sov cov yeeb nkab tooj liab interface.
Tom qab ntawd ua kom sov lub welded yeeb nkab kom sib npaug kom txog thaum lub vuam chaw nres nkoj yog xim liab, muab tso rau hauv lub vuam pas nrig thiab ua rau cov welded qws qhwv ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj vuam rau ntau tshaj 0.8cm kom tshem tawm cov vuam pas nrig, thiab nres cua sov thaum lub brazing muab tub lim hlau yog tag nrho melted.
Tom qab ob peb feeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm soldering, so qhov txuas nrog ib daim ntaub ntub dej. Qhov no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog stabilize lub welded ib feem, tab sis kuj tshem tawm cov slag ntawm vuam nto los tiv thaiv corrosion. Ib txwm welds tom qab vuam yuav tsum tsis muaj pores, tawg thiab tsis muaj fusion.
3. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag hauv vuam
1). Weld Noob
Welding yam ntxwv:Lub solder ntws tawm ntawm lub brazing seam thiab tsim ib qho tsub zuj zuj.
Formation vim li cas:
A. Lub thermal efficiency ntawm vuam yog loj heev;
B. Tus nqi ntawm solder siv ntau dhau los yog siv txoj kev siv tsis raug;
C. Cov welds tsis nyob rau tib theem thaum vuam;
Ceev faj:
A. viav vias lub vuam teeb rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm cua sov kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov hauv zos;
B. Txhawm rau ntxiv solder, swb raws qhov vuam los ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm qhov cua sov;
C. Cov vuam qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov.
2). Undercut
Nta:Lub ntug ntawm lub weld raug hlawv mus rau hauv ib tug rot zoo zoo los ntawm cov nplaim taws, tab sis nws tsis yog kiag li hlawv los ntawm, thiab cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa nws tus kheej raug hlawv.
Formation vim li cas:
A. Lub thermal efficiency ntawm vuam yog loj heev
B. Cov txheej txheem cua sov tsis raug.
Ceev faj:
A. Siv nplaim taws ua qhov nruab nrab vuam.
B. Cov nplaim taws ua rau lub vuam vuam rov qab los kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov ntau.
3). Overburning los yog corrosion
Nta:Cov oxide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke poob tawm hauv cov chunks loj tom qab vuam. Tom qab kev sib koom ua ke yog ntxuav kom huv, muaj cov pits dub inlaid rau saum npoo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke.
Formation vim li cas:
A. Lub thermal efficiency ntawm vuam yog siab dhau lawm (qhov kub thiab txias yog siab dhau);
B. Lub sijhawm vuam ntev dhau lawm.
C. Siv oxidizing nplaim vuam.
D. Rov ua dua welding (kho welding)
Ceev faj:
A. Neutral nplaim vuam;
B. Tsis txhob rov welding.
4). Trachoma
Yam ntxwv:Lub weld muaj impurities, uas ua rau lub qhov tob hauv qhov weld nto.
Formation vim li cas:
A. Cov hlau los yog lub hauv paus hlau nws tus kheej muaj cov roj stains, impurities lossis oxide zaj duab xis.
B. Qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam yog siab dhau, ua rau cov phosphorus nyob rau hauv lub solder volatilize.
C. Cov cua kub ceev ceev heev.
Ceev faj:
A. Xyuas kom huv si ntawm solder thiab puag hlau;
B. Lub vuam efficiency yog tsim nyog, thiaj li hais tias cov roj uas dissolves lub siab kub molten pas dej ua ke yuav tau zoo tawm thaum lub weld solidifies.
5). Stomata
Nta: Lub sij hawm cua sov tsis txaus, cov pa roj hauv cov kua seam hlau tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm, thiab qhov tau tsim ntawm qhov chaw lossis sab hauv.
Formation vim li cas:
A. Cov khoom siv fiber ntau lossis cov khoom siv hauv paus nws tus kheej yog oily lossis oxidized;
B. Lub vuam ceev yog ceev heev, thiab cov roj hauv qhov vuam tau raug tshem tawm zoo;
C. Cov nplaim hluav taws yog qhov txo cov nplaim hluav taws, ua kom txo cov hydrogen qhov;
Ceev faj:
A. Ua kom huv si ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau;
B. Xaiv cov nplaim hluav taws xob nruab nrab nrog qhov nrawm nrawm.
6). Hlawv dhau
Nta:Lub vuam yog hlawv thiab nkag mus ze ntawm lub seam
Formation vim li cas:
A. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tsis ua viav vias vuam teeb;
B. Kev hloov hluav taws xob tsis raug thiab tswj qhov kub tsis sib xws;
Ceev faj:
A. Ua viav vias lub vuam teeb rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm vuam kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov;
B. Xaiv cov nplaim hluav taws xob nruab nrab.
7). Kev tawg
Nta: Cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov pob qij txha muaj xws li cov kab nrib pleb hlau thiab brazing tawg. Cov khoom siv ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thiab lub brazing seam txo qis, thiab cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov seem seem.
Formation vim li cas:
A. Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus ntawm lub solder yog siab dhau, thiab cov khoom toughness tsis muaj zog;
B. Tus nqi tooj liab txias shrinkage yog pom tseeb, thiab qhov seem thermal stress ua rau tawg;
Ceev faj:
A. Siv cov electrodes nrog kev sib txuas zoo dua;
B. Tempering kev kho mob tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem.
8). Weld leakage
Nta:Lub vuam tsis tiav, qee txoj haujlwm tsis ua tiav rau hauv lub vuam tag nrho, thiab muaj cov xau channel hauv qhov vuam.
A. Kev tsim yog vim li cas:nws kub input ntawm nplaim brazing vuam yog tsawg heev;
B. Qhov kub tsis sib xws thaum siv cov khoom siv;
C. Muaj cov impurities xws li oxide daim tawv nqaij thiab cov roj stains nyob rau saum npoo ntawm qhov vuam.
Ceev faj:
A. Cov cua sov tsis sib xws;
B. Kub lub workpiece nrog nplaim taws thiab ntxiv nws thaum lub workpiece yog tsaus liab.
9). Kev tiv thaiv
Vuam:
A. Thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem ntawm brazing thiab cua sov, lub welding torch swings rov qab mus rau ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau rhuab, thiab tsis muaj ib tug ruaj-point cua sov yog tso cai;
B. Thaum ntxiv solder, solder yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv los ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub kev taw qhia;
C. Thaum vuam, lub nozzle yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze rau lub workpiece, txwv tsis pub nws yuav yooj yim rau temper;
D. Thaum brazing liab tooj liab, feem ntau preheat lub raj ntxig ua ntej kom lub raj haum nruj, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kav dej sab nraud.
Vuam tiav:
Qhov piv ntawm thermal expansion thiab contraction ntawm mating workpieces yog txawv. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog tsim los ntawm cov mating workpieces. Tom qab vuam, tempering yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov vuam workpieces.
Tempering txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Tom qab lub workpiece yog welded, thaum kub poob mus rau 200 degree -300 degree, temper lub vuam ntug nyob rau hauv 30mm. Thaum tempering, siv cov nplaim hluav taws sab nraud kom nrawm nrawm lub vuam teeb rov qab los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, thiab tsis txhob kub ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov. Txhua workpiece txuas ntxiv ( 3-5) vib nas this los yog li ntawd
