Undercut yog ib qho tshwm sim thiab teeb meem tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv vuam, tab sis nws yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias zam tau. Nrog rau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm undercut thiab kev saws me nyuam ntawm kev xav tau cov kev tiv thaiv, txo qis lossis txawm tias tshem tawm undercut hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Kab lus no yuav nthuav qhia cov hau kev no kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm vuam parameter, cov txheej txheem npaj, thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem.
Master vuam parameter chaw
Vuam qhov tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib tw vuam, thiab chaw tsis zoo yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thawj kauj ruam yog kom txawj kos duab ntawm parameter kev hloov kho.
Xaiv txoj cai vuam tam sim no
Vuam tam sim no uas yog dhau yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau undercut. Kev ua kom dhau los ua rau arc los tsim cov cua sov ntau dhau, thaum lub hauv paus tso tawm sai sai, thaum lub weld hlau tsis tuaj yeem sau cov melted cheeb tsam hauv lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los xaiv qhov tsim nyog tam sim no raws li hom electrode, puag hlau hlau tuab, thiab vuam.
Piv txwv li, thaum siv 3 / 32 - nti (2.4mm) qis} i- Cov Lus Pom Zoo tam sim no yog ...} Amps. Yog tias tam sim no nce rau 140 amps lossis ntau dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm undercut ntawm Weld sawv yuav nce siab. Rau nyias -} walled Cheebtsam nrog cov tuab ntawm tsawg dua 2 hli, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau pom zoo tus nqi pom zoo.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov tam sim no yuav tsum tau sib phim nrog cov hom electrode. Cellulosic electrodes, uas muaj cov neeg nyob ruaj khov, xav tau stricter kev tswj tam sim no. Piv txwv li, 1 / 8 - nti (3.2mm) cellulosic electrode feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua rau pipeline vuam yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv 90 - 130 amps. Tshaj dhau qhov no feem ntau tsis yog yooj yim ua rau undercut tab sis kuj tseem yuav ua rau lwm yam tsis xws luag xws li hlawv - los ntawm.
Tswj arc ntev
Qhov ruaj khov thiab tsim nyog arc ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tiv thaiv undercut. Ib qho kev sib tw ntev ntev ua rau ARC tsis ruaj khov, thiab cov cua sov ua tsis ncaj, uas nyiam ua kom pom cov cua sov ntawm lub hauv paus hlau. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho arc uas luv heev yuav ua rau slag inclusion, tab sis nws yog ntau dua ntau rau kev txhawb nqa tshav kub piv rau ib qho ntev ntev arc.
Rau feem ntau cov pas dej welding, qhov zoo tshaj plaws arc ntev yog kwv yees sib npaug nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluav taws xob. Rau ib 1 / 8 - nti electrode, lub arc ntev yuav tsum tau tswj hwm thaum txog 1/8 nti ({mm mm). Hauv MIG vuam, lub arc ntev yog cuam tshuam nrog lub voltage. Feem ntau, nce lub voltage yuav nce arc ntev, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho qhov hluav taws xob raws li cov hlau pub ceev kom lub arc ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, thaum siv 0.035 - nti (0.9 hli) hlau, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tau teem rau ntawm18 - 20 pa {}
Kho Kev Ncig Tebchaws
Txoj kev mus ncig ntawm cov electrode lossis vuam tsau ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov txhaws ntawm cov hlau weld. Kev nrawm nrawm nrawm yuav ua rau weld hlau tsis muaj peev xwm sau cov npoo ntawm Weld pas dej nyob rau lub sijhawm, ua rau undercut. Conversely, qhov nrawm uas qeeb dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dhau los yog hlawv -}} los ntawm, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev zam kev zam unceput.
Qhov tsim nyog mus txawv tebchaws sib txawv nyob ntawm cov qauv vuam, tam sim no, thiab sib koom tes hom. Nyob rau hauv pas vuam ntawm ib tug fillet weld nrog ib txhais ceg ntev ntawm 1/4 nti, ncig mus ncig ntawm {} nti ib feeb feem ntau tsim nyog. Thaum vuam nyob rau hauv ntsug txoj haujlwm, txoj kev ncig mus ncig yuav tsum tau qeeb qeeb dua li ntawm cov hlaus ntawm cov hlau thiab ua kom muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov npoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ntsug -}} up stick vuam, txo qhov kev mus ncig ua si los ntawm 20% piv rau kom tiv thaiv undercut.
Txhim Kho Kev Siv Vuam Kev Lag Luam
Txawm tias nrog cov tsis muaj tseeb, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj nyob rau hauv. Master cov txheej txheem raug yog yog tus yuam sij kom tsis txhob muaj undercut.
Tswjhwm ruaj khov rau hluav taws xob
Lub kaum sab xis ntawm electrode lossis lub teeb txiav txim siab cov kev coj ntawm arc thiab faib tawm ntawm tshav kub. Qhov tsis yog lub kaum ntse ntse yuav ua rau arc los ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lub hauv paus hlau thaiv, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov dhau los thiab undercut.
In flat fillet welding, the electrode should be held at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to both plates of the joint, with a slight tilt (about 5 - 10 degrees) toward the direction of travel. Qhov no ua kom pom tseeb tias Arc tshav kub kub yog qhov sib faib ntawm ob daim phiaj, tsis txhob yaj ntawm ib sab. Nyob rau hauv ntsug vuam, lub electrode yuav tsum tilted10 - 15}}}} {{5} Koj yuav tawm ntawm sab saud underfess.
Rau mig vuam, lub kaum lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb sib luag. Ib lub kaum lub kaum sab xis (teeb ua rau pem hauv ntej) ntawm 5 - 15}}}} kev pab kom kis weld hlau tusy thiab zam rau ntug overheating. Nyob rau hauv overhead welding, lub teeb me ntsis kaum sab xis (teeb tilted rov qab) tuaj yeem khaws cov hlau hauv Weld pas dej, txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hlau sagging.
Tsom rau arc tso
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm arc hauv chav fais fab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Daim ARC yuav tsum tau koom rau hauv Reld Pas Dej Ua kom muaj ntau li ntau tau kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg mob kub faib rau cov npoo.
Hauv taub qab vuam, ARC yuav tsum tau tswj nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob lub hauv paus hlau, thiab kev saib xyuas zigzag tuaj yeem siv tsis txhob cia lub arc nyob ntawm cov npoo ntev dhau. Hauv Fillet Vuam, ARC yuav tsum tsom rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov liaj teb ntawm ob daim hlau, thiab thaum tsiv tsev, nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntawm ob txhais ceg kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov ntau ntawm ob txhais ceg.
Novice Welders feem ntau muaj teeb meem tswj arc placement, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev coj ua. Piv txwv li, tso lub cim raws cov kab sib koom ua ke ua ntej vuam thiab siv nws raws li kev siv ua kom lub arc dlhos muaj peev xwm pab tswj cov arc txoj hauj lwm raug.
Tswj Lub Pas Weld Pas Dej Loj
Lub pas dej weld uas yog ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua kom tsis muaj zog ntxiv los ntawm cov kev sib tsoo, tshwj xeeb hauv tsis {{tiaj txoj haujlwm. Tswj cov pas dej loj nyob hauv ib qho kev pheej hmoo tsim nyog tuaj yeem txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm undercut.
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm Weld pas dej tsuas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab kev mus ncig ua si, tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov kho cov tswv cuab cov haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv pas vuam, pas dej pas dej hla loj dua li lub electrode tub ntxhais lub taub yog qhov tsim nyog. Rau 1 / 8 - nti electrode, lub pas dej hla yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm txog 3/16 nti. Thaum lub pas dej dhau los ua loj dhau (piv txwv li, vim muaj kev nce qib tam sim no), nqa cov hluav taws xob mus ncig ua si (txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua pas dej.
Hauv cov haujlwm ntsug thiab nyiaj ua haujlwm, kev tswj hwm kev sab nraud ntawm cov pas dej loj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Siv "cov txheej txheem", qhov twg electrode tau hloov mus rau hauv lub pas dej loj thiab tuaj yeem pab ua kom cov pas dej loj me me thiab tswj tau, tiv thaiv kev txwv.
Npaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab khoom siv
Kev npaj zoo tuaj yeem nteg lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev zam unceput, txo qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud yam ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.
Ntxuav lub hauv paus hlau
Cov paug ntawm cov khoom tsis huv ntawm cov hlau hauv paus, xws li xeb, roj, pleev xim, thiab av, tuaj yeem ua rau arc instability. Ib qho tsis ruaj khov arc yog qhov ua rau muaj kev nce sai nyob rau hauv tshav kub ntawm cov npoo, ua rau undercut.
Ua ntej vuam, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau huv. Rau lub teeb xeb thiab av, hlau txhuam los yog cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem siv los txhuam rau saum npoo rau cov hlau ci ua tiav. Rau cov roj thiab roj, ua ib qho qauv lossis cov kuab tshuaj (xws li acetone) yuav tsum tau siv los so lub ntsej muag huv. Cov kev ntxuav kom huv yuav tsum txuas tsawg kawg 1 nti ntawm ob tog ntawm cov sib koom ua ke kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj cov dej caw rau hauv Weld pas dej thaum vuam.
Hauv kev lag luam nrog High thiaj li yuav tsum tau, xws li aerospace, kev sib tsoo tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuab sib tsoo tej zaum yuav siv tau los xyuas kom cov hlau ua kom huv. Kev huv paus luj kav tsis tsuas yog pab kom lub arc tab sis kuj txhim kho cov fluidity ntawm weld hlau, ua rau nws yooj yim los sau cov npoo.
Xaiv cov cai electrode thiab cov muab tub lim hlau
Cov hom thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov hluav taws xob lossis cov neeg muab tub lim tuaj yeem cuam tshuam weld hlau ntws thiab arc stability, yog li cuam tshuam txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm undercut.
Tsawg - hydrogen electrodes (xws li E7018) yog qhov tsis muaj nyob rau hauv yog tias noo noo nyob rau hauv txheej tuaj yeem ua rau arc intability thiab taw. Yog li ntawd, tsawg {- hydrogen electrodes yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov cub qhuav ntawm qhov ntsuas kub (feem ntau}℃f) tom qab qhib lawv lub dryness. Kev siv cov hluav taws xob qhuav ua kom muaj arc ruaj khov thiab cov hlau du, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm undercut.
Rau cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias, xaiv cov taub hluav taws xob me me lossis cov xaij hlau tuaj yeem pab tswj cov lus tawm tshiab. Piv txwv li, siv 1 / 16 - nti (1.6mm tuab tuaj yeem txo cov cua sov ntawm cov npoo, zam uncium.
Tshawb xyuas thiab khaws cov cuab yeej siv
Cov cuab yeej ua txhaum tuaj yeem ua rau tsis txaus ntseeg tam sim no lossis arc, uas yog qhov zais ntawm undercut. Kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm vuam tshuab thiab accessories yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Lub tshuab welding yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom ruaj khov tam sim no thiab voltage tso tawm. Lub tshuab uas tsis khov kho tam sim no yuav ua rau nce sai heev hauv tshav kub, ua rau undercut. Cables thiab kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kom nruj; Kev xoob yuav ua rau voltage tee thiab arc tsis muaj peev xwm. Rau Mig Whollers, cov hlau pub dawb yuav tsum pub cov xaim hluav taws xob tsis muaj jamming, raws li tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv arc thiab reld pas dej, ua rau undercut.
Kev txhawb ntxiv cov txheej txheem tswj thiab ua ntej -} welding npaj
Kev npaj tsim nyog npaj thiab tswj cov txheej txheem nruj me ntsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev nkag siab los ntawm qhov chaw.
Xaiv txoj kev vuam vuam
Cov vuam sib txawv cov txheej txheem muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv hauv cov lus ntawm cov tswv yim sov thiab hlau ntws, uas cuam tshuam rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm undercut. Rau cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias lossis cov haujlwm tsis tu ncua (xws li siv nyiaj ntau dua), xaiv txoj kev vuam vuam muaj peev xwm pab tau.
Piv txwv li, Tig vuam muaj ntau meej tswj tau ntau dua kev tswj tshav sov dua li cov pas dej vuam thiab tsis tshua ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum vuam nyias stainless hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas undercut yog qhov pheej hmoo siab, xws li thermal alloys (uas muaj siab mig vuam tuaj yeem txo cov tswv yim nruab nrab, yog li zam undercut.
Tsim thiab npaj qhov sib koom ua ke
Ib qho zoo -} Tsim tau sib koom ua ke yuav txo tau cov kev nyuaj ntawm vuam thiab txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm undercut. Rau cov ntaub ntawv tuab, beveling kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem ua kom cov neeg tig tau txaus yam tsis xav tau ntau dhau tam sim no, uas yuav ua rau undercut. Piv txwv li, ib qho - v b bevel nrog rau cov vuam txuas ntxiv rau kev sib koom tes qis dua rau cov pob tw me ntsis, txo ntug kev kub ntxhov.
Kev koom ua kom zoo haum ...-} dua yog tseem ceeb. Qhov uas muaj ntau dhau yuav tsum tau ntau weld hlau sau, nce txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm undercut ntawm cov npoo. Ua kom cov goot sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv cov kab ke hauv paus yog nyob rau hauv cov kev teev tseg (piv txwv li, 1 / {}}
Ua ntej -}} vuam kev ntsuam xyuas
Before formal welding, especially for important components, conducting pre - welding tests on scrap materials with the same specifications can help verify the correctness of parameters and techniques.
Qhov kev xeem tuaj yeem simulate qhov tseeb vuam cov xwm txheej, suav nrog cov khoom siv, tuab, txoj haujlwm, thiab tsis muaj. Tom qab vuam, kuaj xyuas rau hauv qab siv lub ntsuas cua. Yog tias tsis pom muaj nyob rau hauv, kho cov ntsuas (xws li txo qhov tam sim no lossis nrawm mus txog thaum muaj kev txaus siab ua tiav. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem ua kom tau zoo zam txoj kev sib tw hauv kev tsim qauv vuam thiab txuag lub sijhawm thiab cov nqi khoom.
Tag
Zam kev nyob hauv nruab nrab hauv vuam yog ib txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua ke, kev npaj ua tib zoo, ua tib zoo tswj. Welders yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas yog pab txhawb kev paub tab sis tseem yuav siv tau cov kev paub, hloov kho lawv li kev ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom sib txawv, cov haujlwm, thiab khoom siv. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov hau kev tau piav qhia saum toj no, undercut tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau zoo, kom ntseeg tau tias Welds tsis yog lub suab zoo nkauj thiab kuj muaj lub neej txhim kho thiab kev pabcuam lub neej. Nco ntsoov, tus yuam sij kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib luag yog los tswj kev sib npaug ntawm cov tswv yim tshav kub thiab weld}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} saib cov laj kab txaus melting txaus. Nrog kev xyaum thiab kev ua siab ntev, txhua tus veel hlau tuaj yeem paub cov txuj ci ntawm kev zam undercut.
