1. Txheej txheem cej luam
Qhov laj thawj ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas vuam yog txo cov nqi thiab txo qhov hnyav, vim tias qhov ntom ntawm txhuas yog li 1/3 ntawm cov tooj liab, thiab tus nqi yog li 1/5 ntawm cov tooj liab, yog li txhuas siv los ntawm tooj liab. nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws yog lub hwj chim kev lag luam, thiab tooj liab-aluminium welding kuj tau tshwm sim.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov saum npoo ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas yog yooj yim heev rau oxidized, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov oxide zaj duab xis ntawm txhuas yog ruaj khov, resistant rau kub (kwv yees li 2050 degree C), thiab muaj ib tug loj kuj. Yog tias lub tshuab txuas nrog, qhov kev sib cuag tsis ruaj khov thaum lub zog ua haujlwm, thiab cov pa luam yeeb feem ntau tshwm sim. , qhov tshwm sim tawg, yooj yim ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj xws li hluav taws kub.
Feem ntau, tooj liab-aluminium vuam tuaj yeem yog fusion vuam, siab vuam thiab brazing.
2, qhov nyuaj ntawm tooj liab-aluminium vuam
1. Lub vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas belongs rau cov hlau tsis sib xws (non-ferrous) vuam, uas yog qhov nyuaj dua li tooj liab-tooj liab thiab txhuas-aluminium vuam.
2. Ob qho tib si tooj liab thiab txhuas tau yooj yim oxidized, thiab siab melting point oxides yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau weld hlau fuse kiag li, uas coj teeb meem rau vuam.
3. Lub welded sib koom ua ke ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas yog nkig thiab ua rau tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm fusion welding ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas, eutectic xws li CuAl2 yog yooj yim tsim nyob rau hauv lub weld nyob ze ntawm lub tooj liab sab, uas yog muab faib nyob rau hauv lub grain ciam teb thiab yog feem ntau ua rau intergranular tawg. .
4. Lub melting point ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas yog txawv heev. Nyob rau hauv fusion welding, tooj liab tseem muaj zog thaum txhuas yog melted. Thaum tooj liab melted, aluminium tau melted ntau, uas ua rau kom qhov nyuaj ntawm vuam.
5. Lub vuam seam yog yooj yim rau porosity. Vim qhov zoo thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas, hlau nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke molten crystallizes sai sai thaum lub sij hawm vuam, thiab metallurgical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kub kub tsis muaj sij hawm los khiav, yog li pores generated.
3. Taw qhia txog txoj kev vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas
1). TIG welding
① Kev npaj ua ntej welding: Ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm cov tooj liab thiab txhuas welding. b. Bevel lub brazed qhov chaw, thiab txiav txim siab qhov zawj daim ntawv raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nce lub weld cheeb tsam ntawm tooj liab sab thiab cov ntsiab lus tooj liab nyob rau hauv lub weld kom ntau li ntau tau. Feem ntau, U-shaped zawj yog siv, thiab sab txhuas yuav tsis grooved. c vuam cov ntaub ntawv yog Ag65Cu20Zn15, Q203, ER4043. d Ib txheej ntawm vuam tshuab WES315 thiab cov khoom siv oxygen-acetylene.
② Kev ua haujlwm vuam: a. Sib sau thiab kho cov tooj liab thiab txhuas welding kom tsis txhob deformation thiab hloov chaw thaum cua sov thiab vuam. b Ua ntej braze ib txheej ntawm high silver solder (kwv yees li 1 hli) ntawm sab tooj liab nrog oxygen-acetylene nplaim.
c Siv aluminium-silicon vuam hlau rau argon arc vuam thaum nws kub; Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, qhov chaw ntawm lub tungsten arc yog deviated mus rau sab ntawm lub aluminium weldment (qhov no txawv ntawm qhov ncaj tungsten argon arc ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas!);
Kev taw qhia kev xav ntawm nws cov txheej txheem vuam: ib qho yog kom txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab hauv qhov vuam, thiab lwm qhov yog sim braze rau ntawm tooj liab sab thiab vuam ntawm txhuas sab.
d Lub inclination lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub vuam teeb thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm feem ntau yog 75 ~ 85º, 90º thaum pib lub arc, thiab tom qab ntawd tuav lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub kaum sab xis (raug rau sab aluminium).
e Qhov ntev ntawm tungsten arc feem ntau yog li 5 hli, thiab qhov thinner qhov vuam, qhov luv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub arc.
f Muab cov ntaub qhwv cov txhuas vuam hlau rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub pas dej molten, thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov vuam thiab qhov vuam yog tsawg dua 15º. Qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub molten pas dej ua ke, tab sis nws yuav tsum yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub argon tiv thaiv ntau yam. Tsis txhob nqa lub aluminium vuam hlau siab heev los yog ntawm lub kaum sab xis inclination. loj dhau.
g Cov muab tub lim aluminium welding hlau yuav tsum tau preheated tsim nyog rau ntawm arc sab, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub arc kom fuse nrog lub matrix kom tsis txhob loj seem ntawm txhuas welding hlau.
h Yog hais tias lub tungsten electrode sticks rau vuam, tsis txhob maj mus nqa lub vuam torch nyob rau lub sij hawm no, koj yuav tsum xub tso tus tswj hloov, thiab maj mam co lub vuam torch kom lub tungsten electrode cais los ntawm lub vuam, txwv tsis pub lub tungsten electrode. electrode yuav yooj yim tawg.
i Thaum muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li craters, tawg thiab tawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm argon arc vuam lub taub hau, qhov ntim ntawm cov vuam hlau yuav tsum tau nce kom tsim nyog thaum kawg ntawm argon arc vuam taub hau, thiab argon arc vuam tshuab yuav tsum. yuav tsum tau txhim kho nyob rau hauv peacetime.
③ Sib tsoo rau kev xav tau tom qab vuam.
2). Submerged arc vuam
① Feem ntau, sab tooj liab yog beveled (feem ntau U-puab), thiab aluminium sab tsis beveled.
② Thaum lub sij hawm submerged arc vuam, lub arc yuav tsum taw tes rau ntawm txhuas sab, thiab qhov pom kev deb yog 5 ~ 7 hli.
③ Cov ntsiab lus xws li Si, Zn, Ag, Sn yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau qhov sib txuas.
④ Piv txwv ntawm vuam tsis: lub thickness ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas phaj yog 10mm; Thaum cov txhuas vuam ncaj txoj kab uas hla yog ø2.5, thiab cov khoom siv yog SAl2, vuam tam sim no yog 400 ~ 420A, qhov vuam voltage yog 38 ~ 39V, thiab vuam ceev yog 0.58cm / s.
3). Electronic ceev vuam
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ncaj qha electron beam welding, θ theem ntawm CuAl2 eutectic qauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke tom qab vuam thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm η thiab theem yog ntxiv kom cov weld hlau nyuaj thiab nkig. Ag feem ntau yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem nruab nrab. Ib qho kev sib nrig sib soluble khoom yog tsim, yog li ib tug zoo sib koom tes yog tau los ntawm vuam nrog ib tug tuab ntawm txog 1 mm Ag raws li ib tug nruab nrab txheej.
4). Flash taub qab vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas
① Kev npaj ua ntej vuam: a. Kev ua ntawm tooj liab-aluminium weldments yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb thiab ncaj hauv cov duab. b Ntxuav cov av thiab oxides. c. Annealing kho ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas vuam qhov chaw (tooj liab qhov chaw ntawm 600 ~ 650 degree, tshav kub preservation rau 40 ~ 60min, txias nyob rau hauv dej. Aluminium qhov chaw ntawm 400 ~ 450 degree, kub preservation rau 40 ~ 60min, cua txias) kom txo hardness, nce plasticity, thiab txhim kho welded pob qij txha zoo.
②Flash taub qab vuam tuaj yeem extrude brittle intermetallic tebchaw tawm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, ua rau cov yas loj deformation ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag, thiab tau txais kev sib koom ua ke zoo dua, uas yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab-aluminium vuam.
③ Piv txwv ntawm kev xaiv ntawm flash pob tw vuam tshuab (siv LQ{{0}} hom): pob tw vuam nto ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas vuam qhov chaw 6 × 60mm²; ncua ntev Cu29mm, Al17mm; kho siab 0.44MPa; chim siab 0.29MPa; 4,1s; nyob ntxhov siab 1/50s; lub kaum sab xis 270º.
5). Kev sib txhuam vuam
① Tsawg kub kev sib txhuam vuam (tam sim no mainstream kev sib txhuam vuam txoj kev):
a Nws yog los tswj qhov kub ntawm qhov kev sib txhuam nto hauv qab ntawm tooj liab-aluminium eutectic point kub ntawm 548 degree, uas yog, ua kom tiav cov tooj liab-aluminium kev sib txhuam vuam nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 460 ~ 480 degree. Qhov ntsuas kub no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab txaus siab tooj liab-aluminium vuam tuaj yeem tau txais. txuas. Nws belongs rau semi-rhuab siab welding, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau chim siab nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev cheeb tsam yog me dua li ntawm txias siab welding, tab sis loj dua li ntawm lub pob tw welding.
b Piv txwv ntawm qhov kub tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam welding technical parameters xaiv: tooj liab thiab aluminium weldment txoj kab uas hla ø10; ceev 450r / min; kev sib txhuam lub sij hawm 6s; chim siab 392MPa; lub sijhawm txij nkawm 2s; 12.6 cm / min; pre-welding pre-siab 490 ~ 588N; Kev sib txhuam siab 166 ~ 196MPa.
②High-kub kev sib txhuam vuam: Thaum lub sij hawm kub sib txhuam vuam, qhov kev sib hloov linear ceev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.58m / s, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub melting point ntawm txhuas (660 degree), uas tag nrho tshaj qhov kub ntawm tooj liab-aluminium eutectic (548 degree). Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub no, cov tooj liab thiab txhuas atoms tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev sib koom ua ke zoo.
b Kev npaj ua ntej vuam: txheej txheem tooj liab kawg lub ntsej muag rau hauv lub kaum sab xis 90º; hluav taws tooj liab thiab aluminium welding; ntxuav tom qab annealing.
c. Piv txwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kev sib txhuam welding technical parameters xaiv: txoj kab uas hla ntawm tooj liab-aluminium weldment ø10mm; rotational ceev r/min; Lub nplhaib sab nraud linear ceev 0.71m / s; txhawb kev sib txhuam siab 147MPa; tooj liab ncej kaum 60º.
6). Txias siab welding
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev kub siab vuam yog siv lub workpiece yuav tsum tau welded nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub los tsim cov yas deformation, extrude oxide zaj duab xis rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece tawm ntawm weld, thiaj li hais tias cov hlau atoms ntawm lub interfaces ncav cuag qhov deb ntawm lub workpiece. interatomic attraction, nrog rau interatomic diffusion, Tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov atoms. Feem ntau haum rau tooj liab thiab txhuas vuam ntawm cov ntu me thiab nruab nrab.
① Lub taub qab vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas:
Butt txias xovxwm welding yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub yam tsis muaj qhov cua sov sab nraud, cov qauv hlau tsis dhau recrystallization thiab softening annealing, lub zog ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke tsis qis dua li ntawm cov hlau hauv paus, thiab qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm lub pob tw yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1 ~ 1000mm². Transformers, overhead wires, thiab lwm yam.
b. Piv txwv ntawm kev xaiv cov txheej txheem rau tooj liab-aluminium taub qab txias-nias vuam: annealing ua ntej vuam; ncaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm tooj liab-aluminium weldment ø10mm; txhua qhov txuas txuas ntev: tooj liab 10mm, aluminium 10mm; chim siab forging 3 zaug; siab siab 333MPa.
②Cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas:
a) Txias-xovxwm vuam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm phaj-phaj, hlau-hlau, hlau-phaj, ntawv ci-xaim, ntawv ci-phaj, thiab lwm yam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas cov ntaub ntawv yas, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev sib koom ua ke daim ntawv yog ncej puab. Txias qhov chaw vuam tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam li qhov chaw vuam.
Cov duab ntawm lub solder sib koom indenter yog ncig: d=(1 ~ 2)δ; duab plaub: a=(1~2)δ,b=5~6a.
Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw vuam, qhov kev faib tawm yuav tsum staggered, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw vuam yuav tsum ntau dua 2d.
b. Piv txwv ntawm kev xaiv cov kev tsis sib xws rau txias siab vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas ntauwd kev twb kev txuas: qhov loj ntawm weldment 40 × 4mm²; lap length 70 mm; tus naj npawb ntawm cov pob qij txha 6; siab taw tes txoj kab uas hla Al ø7, Cu ø8; tag nrho ntev ntawm indenter Al 30mm, Cu 55mm; Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov taw tes yog 10mm; Lub siab yog 235MPa.
7). Capacitor zog cia vuam
① Capacitive zog cia vuam yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv vuam, uas belongs rau cov khoom theem vuam. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog cia vuam yog khaws cia lub zog hauv ib daim ntawv ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd tso tawm los ntawm qhov vuam hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, tam sim ntawd tsim cov thermal zog ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsim cov welded. sib koom nyob rau hauv ceev extrusion. Cov hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas yog zoo heev, thiab lub zog specification ntawm siab tam sim no thiab lub sij hawm luv luv yuav tsum tau saws thaum vuam. Capacitor zog cia vuam yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau vuam me me hla ntu tooj liab thiab txhuas hlau. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau vuam tooj liab thiab txhuas hlau nyob rau tam sim no, tab sis nws cov txheej txheem tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho hauv qhov nqaim, yog li nws yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam ua ntej vuam. Ua tau zoo tooj liab-aluminium welded pob qij txha.
②Piv txwv li kev xaiv ntawm capacitor zog cia vuam txheej txheem tsis rau tooj liab thiab txhuas nyias nyob ntawm tej: hlau inch Alø1.81, Cuø1.56; capacitance 8000uF; welding voltage 190 ~ 210V; Extension ntev Al2.5mm, Cu2.0mm; chim siab 608MPa; Clamping quab yuam 2650N; Transformer piv 60: 1.
8). Nqus Diffusion Vuam
① Vacuum diffusion vuam yog tsuas yog siv los tsim tooj liab-aluminium pob qij txha ntawm cov khoom siv tub yees thiab cov khoom siv fais fab. Nws cov txheej txheem tsis raug tswj xyuas nruj heev, thiab nws qhov zoo yog ruaj khov dua li fusion vuam, brazing thiab flash taub qab vuam.
② Ua ntej vuam, qhov saum npoo ntawm tooj liab-aluminium weldment yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ntxiv, hauv av, rov polished thiab ntxuav, kom tus kav yuav du thiab tsis muaj impurities. Cov tooj liab thiab txhuas daim hlau yog stacked thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev chamber. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum diffusion vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas yog: qhov kub thiab txias; vuam siab; tuav lub sij hawm; nqus tsev kawm ntawv; nto zoo ntawm vuam qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam.
③ Piv txwv ntawm kev xaiv cov kev tsis sib xws ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum diffusion vuam: thaum lub tshuab nqus tsev diffusion vuam ntawm tooj liab thiab ZAl2 nyuaj aluminium alloy nrog lub thickness ntawm 0.2 ~ 0.5 hli yog nqa tawm, lub cua sov kub yog 480 ~ 500 degree; lub sijhawm tuav yog 10min; Lub siab yog 4.9 ~ 9.8MPa; lub tshuab nqus tsev kawm ntawv 1.33 × 10－² ~ 1 × 10－³Pa.
9). Brazing
① Nruab nrab thiab qis kub brazing
Scratch welding: xaiv HL501 (Zn58Sn40Cu2), cov khoom lag luam dav dav yog cam khwb cia bar 5 × 20 × 350mm³, welding txoj kev yog yooj yim heev, tooj liab-aluminium weldment yog rhuab mus txog 300 degree, tsis muaj flux, sim txhuam cov weldment, yog hais tias lub solder tsis yaj, txuas ntxiv cua sov kom txog rau thaum lub solder puv lub seam tom qab scraping.
BM51+M51-F: Lub brazing kub ntawm hom solder thiab flux yog tsawg heev ntawm 179 degree . Lub solder tsis tuaj yeem raug cua sov ncaj qha thaum vuam. Cov tooj liab-aluminium weldment yuav tsum tau rhuab, thiab cov cua sov ntawm welding yog siv los yaj lub solder. Cov cuab yeej cua sov muaj. : Hluav taws xob soldering hlau, cua kub phom, roj liquefied roj tsuag phom, kerosene torch, roj av torch, oxygen-acetylene torch, thiab lwm yam.
C dip brazing: brazing muab tub lim hlau (Zn96 ~ 98% Pb2 ~ 4%), flux yog rosin (C20H30O2) thiab anhydrous sprinkling essence (piv ntau dua 1), vuam txoj kev: tooj liab-aluminium sib koom coated nrog rosin cawv daws sai sai rau hauv brazing khoom ntawm txog 440 degree rau brazing.
D WE CuAl-Q303: Cov khoom siv welding no yog ib qho flux-cored tooj liab-aluminium vuam hlau. Lub brazing kub yog hais txog 400 degree. Nws muaj nws tus kheej brazing hmoov thiab organic non-corrosive flux. Lub brazing hmoov melts nrog cov hlau cladding, thiab nws yuav sai sai tawg cov tooj liab thiab txhuas hlau. Lub nto oxide zaj duab xis thiab hlau nto nro tuaj yeem tiv thaiv rov oxidation. Cov hlau nto yog wetted los ntawm cov hmoov solder, yog li ntawd lub solder tuaj yeem sau tag nrho cov vuam seam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm capillary. Kev ua haujlwm yog yooj yim, thiab feem ntau nws tsis tsim nyog los ntxuav tom qab vuam. .
E Kev taw qhia txog lwm yam khoom siv vuam: WE53+WE53-F yog ib qho khoom siv vuam hlau nrog flux, thiab qhov kub ntawm lub brazing yog li 400 degree ; XR-FC22, XR-FC0215, ER15, E9802, FR301, thiab lwm yam yog flux-cored vuam hlau, uas yooj yim dua rau siv.
②, kub lub tshuab nqus tsev brazing
ib solder: AlSi12
b Kev npaj ua ntej vuam: Nias lub filamentous brazing muab tub lim hlau rau hauv ib daim ntawv 0.5 ~ 1mm tuab rov qab zoo li daim ntawv; ntxuav cov tooj liab, aluminium welding qhov chaw thiab brazing muab tub lim.
C los ua ke: Siv stainless hlau phaj los sib sau ua ke thiab clamp nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm txhuas-kub-tooj liab, thiab muab tso rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
D furnace brazing: pib nqus tsev tom qab nkag rau hauv qhov cub; thaum lub tshuab nqus tsev kawm ntawv ncav cuag 10-²Pa, pib lub tshuab cua sov; Cov cua sov yog 10 ~ 20 degree / min, khaws cia ntawm 150 degree rau 5min, 350 degree thiab 540 degree rau 5min txhua, Tom qab ntawd tsis tu ncua kub txog 624 degree, khaws qhov kub rau 6 feeb thiab tom qab ntawd txias; Txias kom qis dua 600 degree, tua lub tshuab cua sov, txias kom qis dua 450 degree, sau nrog nitrogen kom ceev cov cua txias, thiab tom qab ntawd qhib lub qhov cub qhov cub tom qab txias kom qis dua 100 degree.
10). Lwm txoj kev vuam
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no welding txoj kev ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas, tawg vuam, ultrasonic vuam, thiab lwm yam kuj siv tau.
